In this episode, Frauke sits down with analytical chemist Luciano Vera to discuss his use of different analytical methodologies to make invisible odors visible.

Luciano explains how describing odors is a way we humans try to make odors visible, yet our odor vocabulary is a paradox that needs to become more robust, standardized, and must include emotion.

He then explains the analytical tools he uses, including Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), GC-Sniffing, and E-Sensors to identify and interpret odor molecules.

He shares what we can learn from the data and how it can be useful in various industries.

He explains what the machines can't detect, but our human noses can, and vice versa.

He also shares what olfactory nuances he's observed among various cultures, and reveals what project he found to be particularly curious (hint: it involves a gorilla).

Finally, Luciano shares what he believes is coming in the future, which in fact may already be here.